Freshwater Quality in New Zealand

“How can we ensure we have healthy and sustainable water in New Zealand for the future?”

NZ has been privileged to enjoy natural freshwater of an abundance and purity equalled by very few places on earth. Water is an essential element of both our natural ecosystem and our social system. All New Zealanders rely on this freshwater for their basic needs of drinking, cooking, bathing and sanitation and waterways generate half the country's electricity. However, water is also of value inherently as an essential part of the natural world and for its more ethereal benefits such as recreation, healing, spiritual fulfilment and relaxation. Most New Zealanders have strong emotional connections to water and to particular waterways where they have in the past enjoyed bathing, boating, fishing or simply sat and observed this passage of water from mountain to coast.

In the Māori worldview (Te Ao Māori) each water body has its own mauri (life force) and usually a strong connection to a particular iwi or hapū. This worldview recognises that water exists in a relationship of mutual interdependence and guardianship with humans and other non-human life as it is constantly recycled to move ‘Ki uta ki tai’ (from the mountains to the sea).

Water may seem robust and infinite, however, our co-existence with this element involves a delicate dance. Seemingly minor changes by humans to water flows or ecosystems can have big impacts on the overall health and future existence of this finite and depletable system and all the life that relies upon it. “All the water that will ever be is right now.” National Geographic

Some human activities are relatively harmless to the overall water system, yet others are seriously detrimental by adding pollutants, extracting water or even modifying entire ecosystems as in the case of dams, drains and culverts. Once a complex waterway ecosystem is disrupted, polluted or tips over to an anaerobic state then it is nearly impossible to restore it to its natural state.

This is an opportunity for you as one of the 4 million guardians of our common water resources to help us find mutually agreeable solutions to the critical task of collectively managing these resources for health and sustainability. We invite you to read and think about the issues, rank some survey statements on freshwater quality and potential solutions and to share your own perspectives.

Original Polis poll: https://pol.is/5psrv8bm2a

Soop article: https://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/HL1707/S00042/opening-the-election-hivemind-freshwater-quality.htm

Summary of the Comment Section

This section highlights various methods for selecting a small set of comments that best capture the broader conversation (see the comment section below).

Each method focuses on a different perspective, emphasizing principles such as popularity, representation, or diversity. This leads to different voices being represented. Explore the section below to get a sense of the impact these approaches have.

Change Selection Methods

Popularity-Based Selection

Selection Method ?
Proportional Trichotomous Voting by Kraiczy, Papasotiropoulos, Pierczyński & Skowron, 2025
Proportional Trichotomous Voting by Talmon and Page, 2021
Proportional Trichotomous Voting by Hervouin, 2025
Sequential Phragmèn for trichotomous profiles
Taxed Sequential Phragmèn for trichotomous profiles
Taxed Method of Equal Shares by Kraiczy, Papasotiropoulos, Pierczyński & Skowron, 2025
Maximum Satisfaction for trichotomous profiles
Chamberlin-Courant for trichotomous profiles
Popularity ?
max. achievable is:
Inclusion ?
max. achievable is:

Representation-Based Selection

Selection Method ?
Proportional Trichotomous Voting by Kraiczy, Papasotiropoulos, Pierczyński & Skowron, 2025
Proportional Trichotomous Voting by Talmon and Page, 2021
Proportional Trichotomous Voting by Hervouin, 2025
Sequential Phragmèn for trichotomous profiles
Taxed Sequential Phragmèn for trichotomous profiles
Taxed Method of Equal Shares by Kraiczy, Papasotiropoulos, Pierczyński & Skowron, 2025
Maximum Satisfaction for trichotomous profiles
Chamberlin-Courant for trichotomous profiles
Popularity ?
max. achievable is:
Inclusion ?
max. achievable is:

Inclusion-Based Selection

Selection Method ?
Proportional Trichotomous Voting by Kraiczy, Papasotiropoulos, Pierczyński & Skowron, 2025
Proportional Trichotomous Voting by Talmon and Page, 2021
Proportional Trichotomous Voting by Hervouin, 2025
Sequential Phragmèn for trichotomous profiles
Taxed Sequential Phragmèn for trichotomous profiles
Taxed Method of Equal Shares by Kraiczy, Papasotiropoulos, Pierczyński & Skowron, 2025
Maximum Satisfaction for trichotomous profiles
Chamberlin-Courant for trichotomous profiles
Popularity ?
max. achievable is:
Inclusion ?
max. achievable is:

Highlight Differences

See All 80 Comments

Explanations

Analysis

Popularity measures how popular is a set of comments for the participants. It is equal to the total amount of positive votes (a.k.a. thumbs-up, or approvals) received by the comments in the selection.

Inclusion measures the percentage of participants included in the selection. That is, the percentage of participants who expressed a positive opinion (a.k.a. thumb-up, or approval) about at least one of the selected comments.

For instance, an inclusion of 60% means that 60% of the participants feel positively about at least one comment of the selection.

Selection Methods

A selection method is a procedure that selects a given number of comments based on the votes submitted by the users.

The desired number of comments to select is always given up-front.

Proportional Trichotomous Voting by Kraiczy, Papasotiropoulos, Pierczyński & Skowron, 2025: A trichotomous extension of the PAV rule in which both approved and selected alternatives, as well as disapproved and not selected alternatives, contribute positively to the score.

Proportional Trichotomous Voting by Talmon and Page, 2021: Maximizes the difference between (1) the PAV score based on approved and selected alternatives, and (2) the PAV score based on disapproved but selected alternatives.

Proportional Trichotomous Voting by Hervouin, 2025: Maximizes the sum of (1) the PAV score for approved and selected alternatives, and (2) the PAV score for maximum number of comments to select minus the number of disapproved but selected alternatives.

Sequential Phragmèn for trichotomous profiles: Sequential Phragmén adapted for trichotomous ballots.

Taxed Sequential Phragmèn for trichotomous profiles: Runs Phragmén’s sequential rule on a participatory budgeting instance where each project's cost equals a tax for selecting it. The cost of a project is equal to its approval score divided by its support (the number of approvals minus the number of disapprovals).

Taxed Method of Equal Shares by Kraiczy, Papasotiropoulos, Pierczyński & Skowron, 2025: Applies the Method of Equal Shares (MES) to a participatory budgeting instance where each project's cost equals a tax for selecting it. The cost of a project is equal to its approval score divided by its support (the number of approvals minus the number of disapprovals).

Maximum Satisfaction for trichotomous profiles: Selects the comments so to maximise the total satisfaction of voters. Each voter's satisfaction equals the number of approved and selected alternatives minus the number of disapproved but selected alternatives.

Chamberlin-Courant for trichotomous profiles: Selects the comments so to maximise the number of voters with positive satisfaction.