Fair enough? How should New Zealanders be taxed?

This Tax HiveMind is intended to complement and feed into the review being run by the Government-appointed Tax Working Group (TWG), which is looking at the fairness, balance and structure of the tax system with a 10-year time horizon. The TWG has invited the public to send in written submissions, which close on 30 April.

We at Scoop and PEP believe that an issue as important as the fairness of the tax regime should be open for discussion, debate and dialogue. Unfortunately, a written submission process just doesn’t encourage the kind of public exchange we think is necessary in a well-functioning democracy.

Whether you intend to make a written submission or not, taking part in this HiveMind gives you another way to explore tax issues and influence the work of the TWG. We intend to submit the results of this HiveMind to the TWG as a submission. Consequently, this HiveMind will end at 9am on 30 April.

Scoop’s HiveMind is powered by Pol.is, a new type of survey technology that allows you to consider statements about an issue; add your own statements for others to vote on; and to see how your opinions compare with those of other participants. At a time when opinion can seem polarised, Pol.is can also identify areas of common ground.

You might think that tax rates should be kept low so that hard work is fairly rewarded or that the current tax system, which raises most of its revenue from individual income tax, from the goods and services tax (GST) and from company income tax, unfairly affects low and middle income earners who are less able to afford these taxes than high income earners. We hope you will take this opportunity to explore ideas of fairness with others.

Your concern might be about the state of NZ’s public services and infrastructure, and our ability fund and maintain - let alone improve - them when we have an aging population, changing weather patterns, natural disasters, disruptive technologies - and that’s to name just a few of the challenges. If so, how might the tax system need to change, if at all?

You might also want to explore whether a more comprehensive approach to taxing capital gains or more taxes aimed at changing behaviours (e.g. a sugar tax) should be considered.

While the TWG’s Terms of Reference mean that it will not be considering a number of issues, including how abatements makes it difficult for welfare recipients and low-income earners to avoid poverty and debt - you are welcome to raise this issue and any other tax issue as part of this HiveMind.

Original Polis poll: https://pol.is/5sw7wa5dep

Soop article: https://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/HL1804/S00054/fair-enough-how-should-new-zealanders-be-taxed.htm

Summary of the Comment Section

This section highlights various methods for selecting a small set of comments that best capture the broader conversation (see the comment section below).

Each method focuses on a different perspective, emphasizing principles such as popularity, representation, or diversity. This leads to different voices being represented. Explore the section below to get a sense of the impact these approaches have.

Show Advanced Controls

Popularity-Based Selection

Selection Method ?
Approval Voting
Chamberlin–Courant
Method of Equal Shares
Method of Equal Shares with Approval Voting Completion
Method of Equal Shares with Increment Completion
Proportional Approval Voting
Eneström–Phragmén
Satisfaction Approval Voting
Sequential Proportional Approval Voting
Phragmén's Sequential Rule
Popularity ?
max. popularity:
Inclusion ?
max. inclusion:
Satisfaction Distribution ?

Representation-Based Selection

Selection Method ?
Approval Voting
Chamberlin–Courant
Method of Equal Shares
Method of Equal Shares with Approval Voting Completion
Method of Equal Shares with Increment Completion
Proportional Approval Voting
Eneström–Phragmén
Satisfaction Approval Voting
Sequential Proportional Approval Voting
Phragmén's Sequential Rule
Popularity ?
max. popularity:
Inclusion ?
max. inclusion:
Satisfaction Distribution ?

Diversity-Based Selection

Selection Method ?
Approval Voting
Chamberlin–Courant
Method of Equal Shares
Method of Equal Shares with Approval Voting Completion
Method of Equal Shares with Increment Completion
Proportional Approval Voting
Eneström–Phragmén
Satisfaction Approval Voting
Sequential Proportional Approval Voting
Phragmén's Sequential Rule
Popularity ?
max. popularity:
Inclusion ?
max. inclusion:
Satisfaction Distribution ?

Highlight Differences

See All 133 Comments

Explanations

Analysis

Popularity

"Popularity" measures how popular is a set of comments for the participants. It is equal to the total amount of positive votes (a.k.a. thumbs-up, or approvals) received by the comments in the selection.

Inclusion

"Inclusion" measures the percentage of participants included in the selection. That is, the percentage of participants who expressed a positive opinion (a.k.a. thumb-up, or approval) about at least one of the selected comments.

For instance, an inclusion of 60% means that 60% of the participants feel positively about at least one comment of the selection.

Inclusion can also be expressed in terms of satisfaction: the inclusion is the percentage of participants with non-zero satisfaction.

Satisfaction

The "satisfaction of a participant" measures the number of selected comments that they expressed a positive opinion (a.k.a. thumb-up, or approval) about.

For instance, a satisfaction of 3 means that the participant feels positively about 3 of the selected comments.

Selection Methods

A selection method is a procedure that selects a given number of comments based on the votes submitted by the users.

The desired number of comments to select is always given up-front.

Approval Voting: Selects the comments who have the highest number of votes.

Chamberlin–Courant: A participant is considered to be represented if their satisfaction is more than 0. This method selects comments to maximize the number of represented participants.

Method of Equal Shares: Each participant receives an equal amount of virtual currency to spend on comments they feel positively about. Comments are considered in rounds. A comment is selected if its supporters have enough budget left to collectively afford it.

Method of Equal Shares with Approval Voting Completion: Applies the method of equal shares. If fewer than the desired number of comments are selected, the result is completed by using the approval voting selection method.

Method of Equal Shares with Increment Completion: Calculates the minimum amount of virtual currency needed for the method of equal shares to select the desired number of comments. Then, applies the method using that amount.

Proportional Approval Voting: Selects a proportionally representative set of comments by using decreasing weight for the participants. The weight of a participant decreases with the number of supported comment that has been selected. In other words, the higher the satisfaction of a participant, the less the selection method tries to increase their satisfaction.

Sequential Proportional Approval Voting: Sequential variant the proportional approval voting method. Selects the comments one by one, each time selecting the best non-selected comment according to the principles of proportional approval voting.

Eneström–Phragmén: Distributes representation load evenly among participants to select a proportionally representative set of comments.

Phragmén's Sequential Rule: Sequentially adds comments while balancing the representation load to maintain proportional fairness.

Satisfaction Approval Voting: Selects a set of comments that maximises the total average satisfaction of the participants. The average satisfaction of a participant is defined here as their satisfaction divided by number of supported comments.